Understanding the Classical and Christian Difference

To many, the term “classical education” conjures images of ivy-covered institutions where instructors have more interest in striking a child’s knuckles and teaching dry subjects than in educating. As with any “image”, truth is determined not by the “angle” or “spin” applied by Hollywood producers in movies like The Dead Poets Society, but by the real and tested results proven through centuries of educating children with the classical method. Please take a moment to read through this brief outline of what classical education really was and is today. We believe that you will find more myth than truth in the modern image of classical education.

“They thought, but we know…”

Those who assume that methods used for millennia can be dismissed within a generation forget that time is the best laboratory, especially regarding human behavior.

It has taken modern educators only 50 years to disassemble an educational system that took thousands of years to refine and establish. The classical method was born in ancient Greece and Rome and, by the 16th century, it was used throughout the Western world. This system educated most of America’s founding fathers as well as the world’s philosophers, scientists and leaders between the 10th and 19th centuries. What other period can claim so many advances in science, philosophy, art, and literature?

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Why Classical Education?

For education to be effective, it must go beyond conveying fact. Truly effective education cultivates thinking and articulate students who are able to develop facts into arguments and convey those arguments clearly and persuasively. Parents from Portland to Miami are recognizing that classical education adds the dimension and breadth needed to develop students’ minds. Rigorous academic standards, a dedication to order and discipline, and a focus on key, “lost” subjects are fueling the rapid growth of the nation’s classical schools.

There is no greater task for education than to teach students how to learn. The influence of “progressive” teaching methods and the oversimplification of textbooks make it difficult for students to acquire the mental discipline that traditional instruction methods once cultivated. The classical method develops independent learning skills on the foundation of language, logic, and tangible fact. The classical difference is clear when students are taken beyond conventionally taught subjects and asked to apply their knowledge through logic and clear expression.

In 1947, Dorothy Sayers, a pioneer in the return to classical education, observed, “Although we often succeed in teaching our pupils ‘subjects,’ we fail lamentably on the whole in teaching them how to think.” Beyond subject matter, classical education develops those skills that are essential in higher education and throughout life – independent scholarship, critical thinking, logical analysis, and a love for learning.

We hope you agree that this “back to and beyond” philosophy develops timeless skills that are as important in today’s rapidly changing world as they were to our founding fathers.

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A Love for Learning

Occasionally, parents who are interested in classical education express concern that it will be too difficult or too demanding for their children. High expectations and challenging students are certainly part of the classical method. However, we believe that education is also inherently enjoyable for children. The classical method is based on the philosophy that students should be encouraged to do what they naturally enjoy during particular phases of their life.

In Dorothy Sayers’ essay, The Lost Tools of Learning, she promotes teaching in ways which complement children’s natural behavior. For example, young children in elementary school are very adept at memorizing. They enjoy repeating songs, rhymes, and chants to the extent that they often make up their own. In classical education, the “grammar” phase corresponds with this tendency by focusing on the teaching of facts. During the middle school years, children often question and argue. Classical education leverages this tendency by teaching students how to argue effectively based on the facts they’ve learned. We call this the “Logic” phase. During their high school years, students’ interests shift from internal concerns to the external. Teenagers become anxious with how others perceive them. This stage fits well into the “rhetoric” phase of classical education, where students are taught to convey their thoughts so that they are well received and understood by others. The student’s education culminates with the debate and defense of a senior thesis.

The classical method not only “cuts with the grain,” but it develops a true sense of accomplishment in students. Many educators are artificially positive and “soften” grading scales in an effort to bolster their students’ self-esteem (affective emphasis). We believe that sense of self-worth comes from accomplishment (cognitive emphasis). The student who excels after working hard achieves a greater sense of accomplishment than one who is given the grade. By holding students to an objective standard, they gain a true understanding of their abilities. Where self-esteem offers an artificial appreciation, classical education provides a realistic and true estimation of a child’s ability. Where efforts to simply increase self-esteem by offering artificial feedback, classical education provides a realistic and true estimation of a child’s ability.

Finally, we believe that learning, hard work, and fun are not mutually exclusive. Learning should be a joyful endeavor – one that presents a challenge. A visit to Valley Classical Christian Academy quickly demonstrates the delight of students who love to learn. Learning is exciting, especially for children. In our experience, children who transfer from a conventional classroom to a classical classroom usually develop an increased appreciation for education and for the pursuit of knowledge.

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Latin and the New Millennium

The most frequently questioned piece of classical education is its use of Latin. Why do students in the Information Age need something so arcane as Latin? Considering the number of quality schools that for centuries taught Latin as an integral part of any good academic training, the instruction of Latin should not need defense. However, like many traditions lost in the name of “progressive” education, Latin’s advantages have been neglected and forgotten by recent generations. Latin was widely taught even in American high schools as late as the 1950s. It was considered necessary, in order to have a firm grasp of English, the history and writings of western civilization, and the understanding of the romance languages.

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Valley Classical Christian Academy teaches Latin for two major reasons:

  1. Latin is a language that lives on today in almost all major Western languages, including English. Over 50 percent of English vocabulary comes from Latin roots and derivatives. Training in Latin not only gives the student a better understanding of the roots of English vocabulary, it also lays the foundation for learning other Latin-based languages.
  2. Learning the grammar of Latin reinforces the student’s understanding of the reasons for, and the use of, the parts of speech being taught in our traditional English classrooms (e.g., plurals, nouns, verbs, prepositions, direct objects, tenses).

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The “Christian” in Classical Education

One frequent question we hear from parents is “What about Bible class?” Some parents fear that the classical method will overshadow the importance of Christianity in their child’s education. Classical Christian schools accepts as true that Scripture is taught most effectively when it is taught in context; understanding the original intent of the writer, the original audience, and present day applications to daily life. The real power is in teaching ALL subjects from the perspective of the Christian worldview.

Classically educated students will not distinguish between “God’s creation” and “science”; between “God’s order” and “mathematics”; or between “Church history” and “world history.” Throughout the curriculum, an inseparable association is only possible through private Christian education, as public schools have become increasingly unable to present the complete picture, including the spiritual viewpoint.

Conventional education operates on the philosophy that education is neutral – that it merely conveys fact and that facts do not require spiritual context. We believe that facts, whether scientific, mathematical, historical, or otherwise, can only represent truth if they are taught in the context of a Christian worldview. There is no neutrality. For this reason, we establish our classical curriculum on biblical truth to provide an education that is pervasively Christian. The classical method’s Christian worldview is more than a Bible class. It shows the natural world and its history through the lens of God’s sovereign will and decree.

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The “Politically Incorrect”

In the past 50 years, the academic study of Western Civilization has taken quite a turn. A fundamental belief of classical educators is that studying Western Civilization, with its triumphs and its failures must be central to education. For the Christian, Western Civilization teaches us much about our origins and our theology. Our origins must be studied if we are to understand what makes us who we are and what factors will influence our future. Most theological matters have been decided with the backdrop of age-old heresies. From economic systems to mathematics to music, history offers us much if we will only make the effort to learn its lessons.

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Setting the Highest Standards

Christian families have intuitively embraced classical and Christian education across the nation. Over 120 member schools of the Association of Classical and Christian Schools (ACCS), of which Valley Classical Christian Academy is a member, are working to give their students an education that rises to meet a higher standard. Academic success has certainly been characteristic of schools using the classical method. For example, at Logos School (a classical and Christian K-12 school in Moscow, Idaho), three out of four students consistently achieve scores in the highest possible range on the SRA standardized test. Valley Classical students also score well above average in standardized achievement tests.

Valley Classical Christian Academy is committed to the idea that students will work harder to meet a higher standard. A structured environment, including uniform dress, contribute to the order and discipline expected in the classroom.

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Four Myths about Classical Education

As more parents adopt classical and Christian education, many others are left with questions. Unfamiliarity with the classical method seems to give rise to some common myths. While you may find some truth in each myth, we believe your concerns about classical education will begin to fade as your knowledge increases. In fact, you may be surprised by the same enthusiasm that has motivated thousands of parents to return to an education that works.

Myth #1: Classical education was fine back then, but we need modern education in a modern world.

Fact: Classical education teaches students the facts, provides them with logical tools to use those facts, and focuses the student’s ability to relate those facts to others. These fundamental skills and abilities are more valuable today than ever been. The process of teaching students to think extends far beyond filling their heads with knowledge. Modern education, to varying degrees, has succeeded in teaching facts and some skills. Classical education helps students draw original, creative, and accurate conclusions from facts and then formulate those conclusions into logical and persuasive arguments.
Modern subjects based in science and technology are taught in classical schools, through classical methods. Parents who are exposed to classical education recognize that its “back to basics” approach contrasts with the distractions of modern education. Is the classical method applicable in a modern, technological age? The technology we have today was invented, in large part, by the classically educated. Man inhabited the earth for thousands of years without developing technology until the last two centuries. It is no coincidence that the ground work for these achievements was laid within the last 400 years when classical education was at its height. Classical education teaches children the timeless skills of thinking, reasoning, logic, and expression. Our subject matter is as up-to-date as that found in other schools. We simply add a depth and dimension through this time-tested method.

Myth #2: My child is not intelligent enough to attend a classical school.

Fact: Students at Valley Classical vary in intelligence from “exceptionally intelligent” to “below average.” Many parents assume that a classical education is only accessible to “gifted” children. In fact, all children benefit greatly from the classical method. If you were educated in Western society prior to 1850, you were classically educated.
Often, myths start from a spark of reality. Many parents observe the classroom and curriculum at Valley Classical and assume the children are abnormally bright. While some of our students do fit this category, in reality, classical education challenges children and is uniquely able to leverage their natural abilities during different stages of childhood. In short, we help ordinary children deliver extraordinary results by employing time proven methods tested for centuries.
Because our school is not equipped or funded to adequately deal with special needs children, we can not accept students with severe learning disabilities.

Myth #3: Classical education is too extreme.

Fact: Classical education teaches children “with the grain” – complimenting their developmental phase with the appropriate teaching method. The classical method is different from today’s conventional education. Parents are rightfully skeptical of anything that differs so boldly from the norm. However, classical education was the norm 100 years ago because it worked.
Conventional education has taken an experimental approach to educating our children over the past four decades. Many different methods have been tried and later scrapped when they failed. This constant state of change in education creates an environment where anything “traditional” seems extreme. Unfortunately, this is where the modern educational thought is upside down. Classical education provides a basic structure upon which we can build effective, successful students. We are not advocating an experiment. Rather, we are seeking a return to a system proven for over 1,000 years.

Myth #4: Classical education is unnecessarily difficult or harsh.

Fact: Children enjoy learning. They are wired for it. Assuming that a child will not be able to succeed in a challenging environment is tempting, but simply not true.
A common assumption is that a demanding curriculum results in unhappy children. As adults, learning new things can be uncomfortable. However, most children are fascinated by what they learn at Valley Classical. The excitement of children learning Latin grows as they become able to describe the world in language that many adults do not understand. The rich and complex texture of classical literature is strangely amplified by youth. Science and the history of Western Civilization comes alive for those who hunger to know their world. For the unconvinced, a visit to Valley Classical is sure to demonstrate that our students love to learn.
Classical schools maintain order in the classroom. This does not translate to stoic classes where interaction is limited to an occasional, downcast “yes sir.” In fact, Valley Classical encourages extensive interaction between students and teachers. Students are not allowed to be disruptive, but they are constantly encouraged to offer observations, ask questions, interact and make comments. The classical method at Valley Classical encourages and succeeds at creating a stimulating and enjoyable learning environment for students.

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The Trivium at Valley Classical

In 1947, Dorothy Sayers articulated the educational concept of the Trivium, an educational model that had been used for centuries. When Douglas Wilson helped found Logos School in Moscow, Idaho during the 1980’s, he revived this framework to bring about a rebirth of classical education. Presently, over 120 classical schools are operating in the United States, most of which use the Trivium to set their foundational educational philosophy.

The Trivium is simply a means of describing the learning stages of children as they mature. Parents often recognize the stages through which their children pass as they mature. The Trivium focuses the educational method to best develop knowledgeable, thinking, and articulate students. As the name implies, there are three stages represented in the Trivium: Grammar, Logic and Rhetoric.

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Grammar – Grades Pre-k – 5

During the Grammar phase, children are particularly adept at memorization. Young children learn songs, rhymes, and recite facts with relative ease. Because young children are so eager to memorize that they will make up non-sensical playground rhymes, we challenge them by providing substantial subject matter for them to memorize. Each subject has its own grammar. In science, children memorize facts about nature. In math, children memorize addition and subtraction facts as well as multiplication tables. In Latin, children memorize vocabulary. Throughout each year in Grammar School, classically educated children learn the factual foundation of each subject. We use songs, chants, and rhymes to help children enjoy the learning experience.

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Logic – Grades 6-8

The Logic phase involves ordering facts into organized statements and arguments. During the middle school years, children are beginning to think independently. They often develop a propensity for argument. Classical education teaches children in this phase to argue effectively. The study of formal logic helps students understand the fundamentals of a good argument. Practice in making written and oral arguments helps to further develop these skills. Teachers encourage the use of argumentation in each subject. Again, each subject has its own logic. In science, we use the development and testing of hypotheses. In math, we develop a student’s ability to logically orient numbers through the more abstract concepts of algebra.

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Rhetoric – High School Years

Typically, this phase of the Trivium is mastered in the high school years. However, at Valley Classical we introduce it to our middle school students. Rhetoric is the art of communicating effectively. Once a student has obtained knowledge of the facts (grammar) and developed the skills necessary to arrange those facts into arguments (logic), he or she must develop the skill of communicating those arguments to others (rhetoric). As our students mature they become increasingly concerned with what others think of them. Classical education helps students develop their minds to think and articulate concepts to others. Writing papers, researching, and presenting ideas are skills required in all subjects. Valley Classical enhances these skills to create a well-rounded student who can communicate effectively.

While each component has a primary focus during a particular phase, all skills are developed during all levels. A second grader will develop certain skills in logic and rhetoric even though the focus may be the grammar of a subject. Additionally, a middle school student will still acquire extensive knowledge in specific subjects even though the focus is on the logic of a subject. Emphasis is simply placed on different parts of the Trivium during different phases of the student’s development.

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